Improvement in anti-friction journals



2 Sheets Sheet 2.

M. E. DAYTON.

Anti-Friction Journals. N0.138,011, Patented April22,1873.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIGE.

MELVILLE E. DAYTON, OF SYRACUSE, ASSIGNOR OF PART INTEREST TO HAMILTON B. TOMPKINS AND WILLIAM H. WIETING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND HENRY A. BRANCH, OF HILLSDALE, MICHIGAN.

lMRROVEMENT IN ANTI-FRICTION JOURNALS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 138,011, dated April 22, 1873 application filed September 21, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MELVILLE E. DAYTON, of the city of Syracuse and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Anti- Friction Journals, of which the following is a specification My invention relates to that class of antifriction journals in which rollers are interposed between the journal or shaft and the box; and has for its object, first, the establishment and preservation of contact of all the rollers with both box and shaft; second, the distribution of pressure upon a greater number of rollers than would otherwise receive it; and, third, the easier manipulation and better control of the rollers. It consists, for the accomplishment of the first and second objects, in an adjustable box or adjustable shaft; of the third, ina novel construction for a guide-ring and an improved form of spacing-straps, by which I mean the annular straps placed at the ends of the rollers to keep them apart. i y The following is a full description of my invention illustrated by accompanying drawing which forms a part of this specification.

To better explain the nature and value of my invention I will briefly note some of the faults of present constructions, which I aim by my devices to remedy.

Heretofore box, journal, or shaft, and rollers have been made unyielding. So made, it is difficult to construct them so accurately that the rollers will just fill the space between the shaft and box; and if at first they do all touch both, slight compression or wear of the parts from use opens a space, and the general contact ceases. The results are, first, the reception of all the imposed weight by one or, at times and at most, two rollers, with'destructive effects upon them and the other parts at the points where excessive pressure is received;

and, second, the production of a succession of blows or concussions by. suddenly bringing Jone roller after another into violent contact with box or shaft, the tendency of which is to laminate, disintegrate, and destroy the surfaces, and to increase the space already existing. The greater the space the more severe,

the blow, and the more destructive its results. Wherefore absolute contact of all the rollers with both box and shaft once destroyed, the process of destruction proceeds with constantly-accelerating rapidity. Noise and irregularity of motion are faults consequent upon these conditions.

It is plain that a box that shall contract up tended to closely encircle the rollers, as shown in the end view, Fig. 2, pressing them all against the. journal or shaft A. The pressure may be that of the coil only, acting as a spring; it may be that of the load, or it may be independent of both, as will be seen hereafter.

Fig. 3 shows the second general device, which consists of a sleeve or shell, such as may be made by forming a plate of metal into a cylinder, the edges of the plate brought together not being joined, but so shaped as to in'terlap as one may interlap the fingers of two hands, and space being left to allow further contraction. Thus an unbroken circle is preserved for the rollers. In Fig. 4 this cylinder, marked E, is shown inclosing the rollers and hugging them to the journal.

These devices can be adapted to all conditions under which the journal-bearing is used.

The special adaptations chosen to illustrate.

them in all but Fig. 5 are those proposed for a car-axle, which may represent the conditions of a stationary box and revolving axle, simple inversion being necessary to answer for line shafting, &c. it

Having shown how the first object or general contact may be attained, I proceed to explain methods and devices by which the second, or a distribution of pressure, is to be secured, as follows: In Fig. 2, let E represent irks.

either form of box or case described; B, the

rollers; A, the shaft; and G, an outer rigid box from which the end cap is removed. F F are two curved jaws extending the length of E, and supporting G with imposed weights at l? I. They are constructed with fingers to iuterlap over the top, and, if necessary, are hinged at J. Between E and F F isplaced a sheet of thick rubber or other suitable material, I, to serve as a cushion to prevent the stretching of E under the action of the rollers, which would probably take place if E and F F were in contact. Downward pressure upon I? P will meet resistance at J, which will force the lower extremes of F F inward, thus hugging with approximate uniformity all the rollers embraced within their grasp. A similar but less perfect result would be attained by interposing only the cushion I between E and G, the latter being given such inner circular form for the upper half as to be, under pressure, concentric, or nearly so, with E.

Fig. 4 shows the second device, (or Fig 3,) with lugs L L on opposite sides supporting G and imposed weight at L L, the free interlapping edges of E being on the under side. Such a disposition of weight will give a pressure upon all the rollers resting upon the upper half of the shaft, and will spring E at the same time into close contact with the rollers B on the under side.

If constant hugging pressure is required independently of or in addition to the contractile tension of E, regarded as a spring, or of the weight imposed, it may be secured by the devices shown in Figs. 6 and 7, in which T is a spring, acting against the lugs or shoulders o 12 upon E.

In Figs. 8 and 9 a modification of Fig. 3 is shown, in which the interlapping projections upon E are made longer, and terminated in screws, or other suitable manner, for support. Tension upon these projections tightens E about all the rollers, and if the weight of load is imposed upon them the pressure is distributed.

Fig. 10 exhibits a modification of Fig. 1, being composed of two coils wound in opposite directions, the ends of the coils being terminated, if for support, as in Figs. 8, 9 or, if for hugging merely, in bent clasps or shoulders, as shown, to hold the spring T made to draw the coil tightly about the rollers. Between the two coils shown in Fig. 10, or between sectional parts of E, Fig. 8, may be placed and held by such parts a guide-ring, M, which, with spacing-strap, as hereinafter described, relates to the accomplishment of the third object of my invention, or the better management of anti-friction rollers. The guidering M, a section of which is shown in Fig. 8,

projects into the box a suitable distance, and works in a corresponding annular groove, 1), in the roller B, thus holding B in place longitudinally without necessary friction at its ends.

- The use of an inwardly-projecting shoulder,

such as M furnishes, requires that, in putting the rollers into place, or in removing them, they should be brought inwardly toward the center to free the shoulder, when they may be passed in or out. This, of course, cannot be done with the shaft in place; nor can it be done with the spacing-strap X, constructed, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, with circular and closefitting perforations for gudge-ons upon B.

The rollers can, indeed, be first set up in the box, and the strap then put in place; but this is, in practice, a matter of some difficulty, as the rollers require to be first separated roperly. I propose, therefore, a spacing-strap, X, with oblong perforations, Fig. 12, or with slots, Figs. 9 and 13, which shall permit a radial movement of the rollers B. I propose, also, the collar d, Fig. 9, upon the outer end of gudgeon c, to be used on a part of the rollers B, in connection with the slotted straps X, to hold both straps in place when not joined by other connections. In the case of the shoulder being upon the shaft, instead of box, requiring a movement outwardly of the rollers, the same devices will serve, except that the slots should open outwardly, as shown in Fig. 11.

A special advantage of the slotted straps is that they may be joined by the connections 6 6, Figs. 11 and 13, and the frame thus formed used in connection with rollers having solid gudgeons, which, for some uses-as, for example, tackle-blocks-is an important consideration.

Fig. 5 shows the yielding case or cylinder E surrounding the journal A, and forming an enlargement of the shaft. Constructed in the form of a coil, or of the bent plate already described, it may act as a spring, pressing outwardly and compelling contact of all the rollers with the rigid box G 5 or it may be expanded by a tapering inner shaft, by a taper screw, as suggested in the figure, or by other suitable means. The cushion I is interposed between A and E.

I am aware that a guide-ring as a part of a solid box, or as sprung into a solid box, being cut for that purpose, is not new; but as constructed solid and'separately, and held in place between separate parts of a solid or a yielding box, it is believed to be a new and valuable invention. I am aware, also, that spacingstraps, with circular close-fitting perforations for gudgeons, have been used but I believe the oblong perforations and the slots proposed for spacing-straps are original and useful. I am further aware that spacing-straps have been joined by solid connections and otherwise; but the joining of slotted straps has a special advantage, already mentioned, and is new.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is-

1. The yielding or adjustable case E, in combination with anti friction rollers, substantially as described, and for the purposes specified.

2. In combination with the yielding case E,

6. In combination with the slotted spacingstrap X, the collar d upon the gudgeons c of the rollers B, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

MELVILLE E. DAYTON.

Witnesses WILLIAM H. WIETING, J OHN FANNING. 

